Malaria it causes prevention and treatment

Malaria it causes prevention and treatment

Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito bite infectious disease that affects humans and other animals almost throughout the world. It is caused by parasitic microorganisms that belong to phylum protozoa of the animal kingdom. The disease is widespread in the tropical regions. This includes much of Africa Asia, and Latin America.

Symptoms

The symptoms of malaria include chill, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, muscle pain, convulsions, bloody stool, fever, fatigue, headache, and vomiting. In severe cases the patient may become anemic, have seizures, coma, or even death.

 How is it transmitted?

The disease is generally transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito bite. The mosquito bite transfers the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. There are five species of plasmodium affecting human beings.

·         P. falciparum

·         P. vivax

·         P. ovale

·         P. malariae

·         P. knowlesi

Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum because the other species generally cause a milder form of malaria. Plasmodium parasites spend its one phase life cycle inside humans and another part inside mosquitoes. During the human part of their life cycle, Plasmodium parasites infect and multiply inside liver cells and red blood cells. Some infected blood cells burst because of the multiplying parasites inside. Many more infected red blood cells are broken down by your spleen or liver, which filter out and remove damaged or aging red blood cells from circulation.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will perform a physical exam. Your doctor will also look into to determine if you have an enlarged spleen or liver. Malaria is diagnosed by microscopic examination of blood, by using antigen based rapid diagnostic tests. There is one another method that can be used is the polymerase chain reaction to detect the parasite's DNA have been developed, but are not widely used in areas where malaria is common due to their cost and complexity.

Prevention

There’s no vaccine available to prevent malaria. The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent lotions, and mosquito nets. Malaria can also prevented by spraying insecticides on their habitats. 

Complications

Malaria can cause many life threatening complications. The following may be present.

·         Low blood sugar

·         Cerebral malaria

·         Pulmonary edema

·         Organ failure of the kidneys, liver, or spleen

·         Anemia

Treatment

The types of drugs and the duration of treatment will depend upon the following factors::

·         Which type of malaria parasite you are infected with

·         The severity of your symptoms

·         Your age group

·         Whether you're pregnant or not

Medicines to treat Malaria

The most common and famous anti malarial drugs include:

·         Chloroquine (Aralen)

·         Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin)

·         Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

·         Mefloquine

·         Combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone)

The history of anti malarial medicine has been marked by a constant struggle between evolving drug-resistant parasites and the search for new drug formulations. In many parts of the world, for instance, resistance to chloroquine has rendered the drug ineffective.

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